AI SEO Tool Comparison

Paige vs BrightLocal

Which Is Right for You?

BrightLocal helps agencies track, audit, and report on local SEO performance. Paige actually does the local SEO work for you — automatically, every day, without you logging in.

Paige

The AI SEO Automator

100% hands-free GBP optimization

AI-generated content tailored to your business

Auto-pilot review management

BrightLocal

The Reporting & Audit Platform

Comprehensive rank tracking & reporting

Citation audit & management tools

White-label client dashboards

VS

900+five-star reviews

10,000+businesses managed

4.9/5on Google, Trustpilot & G2

~10 minsetup time

The Core Difference in One Paragraph

Paige

Paige is a fully automated AI SEO agent. After a one-time ~10-minute onboarding wizard, Paige autonomously scans your website, learns your business, picks target keywords, and begins working continuously — writing and publishing GBP posts, replying to every review with keyword-optimized AI responses, generating and uploading geotagged images, building citations across 62 directories, auto-posting to Facebook/Instagram/LinkedIn, creating and publishing YouTube videos, and adapting her strategy from experience with 10,000+ profiles. Over 80% of Paige users enable full autopilot and never log in again. Learn more about Paige by Merchynt at www.merchynt.com/paige.

BrightLocal

BrightLocal is a comprehensive local SEO reporting and audit platform used by thousands of agencies worldwide. It excels at showing you what's happening — detailed rank tracking, citation audits across 80+ platforms, reputation monitoring, and polished white-label PDF reports for clients. BrightLocal helps you understand your local SEO performance clearly. Acting on what the reports reveal, however, is still your team's responsibility.

Philosophy

Two Different Approaches to Local SEO

Understanding each tool's design philosophy is the fastest way to know which one fits your situation.

The AI Agent — It Does the Work

Paige was built from day one as an AI-first autonomous SEO agent by Merchynt (leaders in local marketing since 2019). It reads your website, learns your business, selects your keywords, and executes your local SEO strategy continuously without needing you to manage it. Content is created and published, reviews are replied to, citations are built, videos are produced and uploaded — all automatically, 24/7. You set it up once; Paige does the rest.

The Reporting Platform — It Shows You What to Do

BrightLocal is a respected reporting and auditing platform founded in 2008. Its philosophy is to give agencies and SEO professionals the best possible visibility into local search performance — detailed rank data, citation gap analysis, review monitoring across 80+ platforms, and polished client dashboards. It's designed for teams that drive the strategy themselves and need excellent tools to track and present results. The tool is powerful — but your team provides the execution.

Full Comparison

Feature-by-Feature Breakdown

The following comparison is based on publicly available information. Always verify current features and pricing directly with each provider before deciding.

Feature

Paige (Merchynt)

BrightLocal

Core Operating Model

True AI automation — does the work for you

Yes — fully autonomous after setup

No — reporting & auditing only; you execute

Requires ongoing human effort to get results

No — set-and-forget autopilot

~ Yes — team must act on report findings

Time to first published GBP post

Same day — posts go live in onboarding

Reports show data; content creation is separate

AI learns from 10,000+ business profiles

Yes — strategy updates from aggregate data

Static toolset; no AI learning

Onboarding time to first results

10 min wizard; posts same day

Setup + manual execution of recommendations

Google Business Profile Optimization

AI scans website & GBP automatically at onboarding

Automated — no data entry needed

Manual setup required

Business description AI rewrite & auto-apply

AI-written & applied to GBP automatically

~ Audit flags issues; you rewrite manually

Services list AI optimization

AI writes descriptions per service

~ Recommendations only; manual execution

GBP attribute recommendations

AI suggests & enables relevant ones

~ Audit surfaces gaps; you enable manually

Target keyword selection (up to 10)

AI suggests with monthly search volume data

Not included — separate process

Content Creation & GBP Posting

AI writes GBP posts automatically

Fully autonomous — no content creation needed

Not included — post creation is manual

Automated GBP post scheduling & publishing

AI publishes on optimal schedule

Not included — use a separate scheduling tool

Turns 5-star reviews into branded posts

Automated

Not included

Social media cross-posting (FB/IG/LinkedIn)

All three — synced from GBP content

Not included

Custom 'Train Paige' content instructions

Yes — baked into every post

Not included

Image Management

AI geotagging of uploaded images

Auto — business address or service area

Not included

SEO-optimized image file names & metadata

Auto-generated per image

Not included

Mobile upload link for field staff

Unique URL; password-protected

Not included

Image drip-scheduling to GBP

Optimal timing — not all at once

Not included

Review Management

AI automatically replies to new reviews

Keyword-optimized; fully automated

Review monitoring only — replies are manual

Replies to old unanswered reviews

Drips 5/day to avoid red flags

Not included

Smart review request link

Pre-written SEO review suggestion for customers

~ Review generation tool on Grow plan only

Automated review request sending

Zapier + 6,000+ app integrations

~ Email/SMS templates; manual triggering

Auto-flag negative reviews to Google

All 3-star and below flagged automatically

Not included

Review monitoring across platforms

Yes — automated alerts

Strong — 80+ platform monitoring (strength)

Automated multi-step review request campaigns with AI follow-up

Yes — Paige detects non-reviewers & follows up automatically

Not included — review requests are manual

Review requests sent from your own email inbox

Yes — improves deliverability & reply rates

Not included

SMS review requests via Twilio / webhook integration

Yes — connect any SMS system via webhooks

Not included

Zapier integration to add contacts to review campaigns

Yes — enroll contacts from 6,000+ apps

~ Some review integrations but not full campaign enrollment

Rank Tracking & Reporting

Local rank / heatmap tracking

Before/after heatmaps; 30-day updates

Comprehensive — core strength

Granular multi-location rank reports

~ Summary heatmaps

Industry-leading depth & exportable reports

Automated monthly reports emailed to clients

Yes — from Paige dashboard

Yes — polished white-label PDF reports

'Why Not #1?' AI optimization suggestions

Specific gaps with action items

~ Audit findings shown; execution is yours

GBP metric tracking (calls, views, clicks)

Dashboard with trend graphs

Yes — included

LLM rank tracking — ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity, Grok, Llama

Yes — tracks rankings on all major AI platforms

Not offered — traditional local search only

Citation & Directory Management

Automated citation building across 62 directories — 1-click setup

Yes — Paige is a fully automated YouTube video creator for local businesses

Not included

Auto-sync all directories whenever GBP info changes

Yes — AI writes and narrates each ~45-second branded promo video

Not included

Citation network includes AI-platform data sources (ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity)

Yes — one upload triggers publishing to all platforms automatically

Not included

Duplicate listing detection & removal

Yes — Paige's automated videos build YouTube presence that AI search indexes

Not included

Automated YouTube Video Creation for Businesses

Automated YouTube video maker for businesses — turns photos into automated YouTube videos for businesses automatically

62 directories — add-on $40/mo

Not offered

AI-generated voiceover narration for every automated business video

Auto-propagates any GBP change

Not offered

Auto-publishes automated YouTube videos + cross-posts to GBP, Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn

ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity sources

Not offered

YouTube channel as AI search signal — 2nd most cited source in Google AI Mode

Yes

Not offered

AI Search Visibility

Optimization for ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity

Core feature — active content strategy

Not offered — traditional local search only

Automated website FAQ & schema generation

Paige generates FAQ widgets + schema code for manual install

Not offered

Agency & White-Label

Fully white-label client dashboard — clients see your brand, never Paige or Merchynt

Yes — complete rebrand throughout every screen

~ White-label client reports & limited portal

Host on your own domain (custom CNAME — e.g. app.youragency.com)

Yes — your custom domain; zero Paige/Merchynt URLs visible

Not available — hosted on BrightLocal's domain

Agency's own logo throughout the platform

Yes — your logo on every page, email, and client view

~ Logo on reports only

Custom brand colors applied across the full platform

 Yes — matches your agency brand palette

Not customizable

Embed Paige features as iframes inside your own client portal

Yes — embed individual widgets/views in any external portal

Not available

Granular client user permissions — show clients only what you want them to see

Yes — control which sections each client user can access

No granular client permission controls

Rename the platform to your own brand name (remove 'Paige' entirely)

Yes — fully rebranded; your name appears everywhere

~ 'Powered by BrightLocal' branding removed on some plans

50% Agency Partner pricing on all add-ons

Yes — citations $20/mo, reviews $25/mo (vs. $40/$50 list)

Not offered

White-label embeddable GBP audit lead generation tool for your website

Yes — prospects get free AI audit; you get the lead

Not offered

Sam AI Sales Assistant — data-enriched leads, call queues & scripts

Yes — included with Agency Partner Program

Not offered

Client Profile & Platform Access Links

One-click magic links to request access to client's Google Business Profile

Yes — Paige generates a direct access-request link; client approves in seconds

Not included — agencies request access manually

One-click access links for Facebook, Instagram & LinkedIn business pages

Yes — Paige generates platform-specific access links for each social channel

Not included

YouTube channel access link generation for automated video publishing

Yes — Paige generates a YouTube access-request link so it can auto-publish videos

Not available

Gmail / Google Workspace connection for sending review requests from client's own inbox

Yes — Paige connects to client's Google email for best review request deliverability

Not applicable

All access links in one place — send a single onboarding link to your client

Yes — one consolidated onboarding page; client grants all access in minutes

Not applicable

No need to ever ask clients for passwords or share credentials

Yes — all connections use secure OAuth; no passwords shared

Not applicable — access requests handled outside the platform

Website SEO & Widgets

Optimized schema markup code generated for manual install in website header

Yes — Paige generates the code; you paste it once into your site header

Not included

Homepage title, H1 & meta description SEO suggestions

Yes — AI-generated, keyword-targeted

Not included

Interactive FAQ widgets for website & AI SEO

Yes — data-rich FAQs auto-embedded on site

Not included

Image, review & local post embed widgets for website

Yes — auto-updating live widgets

Not included

Trust Paige mode — zero SEO/marketing knowledge needed

Yes — one-click best-practices autopilot for every setting

Not applicable — requires active team management

Philosophy

Why Businesses Choose Paige

10,000+

GBPs  managed

4.9

Avg. rating with 900+ reviews

80% +

Users run full autopilot

#1

The leading AI marketing agent

Deep Dive

The Features That Matter Most — In Detail

A closer look at the areas where the difference between the two tools is most significant for real-world local businesses.

Setup Experience

What Happens in the First 10 Minutes
How Paige's onboarding wizard works

When you sign up for Paige, a step-by-step wizard immediately scans your website and Google Business Profile. It presents keyword suggestions with monthly search volume, lets you define your service area on a map, AI-rewrites your GBP description and services, addresses unanswered reviews, connects your social accounts, and generates your first posts and a promotional video — all before you leave the onboarding flow. By the time you're done, Paige is fully configured and actively working.

Paige — Configured to Autopilot in One Session

Reads your website & GBP automatically — no data entry needed

Suggests up to 10 keywords with monthly search volume per keyword

Visual map for service area / rank tracking radius setup

AI rewrites GBP description and all service descriptions on the spot

Flags and replies to unanswered reviews during onboarding

Generates your first posts, Q&As, and promotional video before you leave

Trust Paige" defaults available for every setting — one-click best practices

BrightLocal — Manual Configuration

You connect your GBP and configure settings manually

Rank tracking grids are set up by you based on target locations

No automatic website scan or GBP content audit at setup

Citation audit requires running a separate scan before acting

Posts, review responses, and content improvements require your ongoing effort

GBP Content & Posting

How Each Tool Handles Your Google Posts

Paige — Fully Autonomous

AI writes every post using your business info, services, keywords & target cities

Custom "Train Paige" instructions baked into every post (e.g. specific CTAs, tone, phrases)

Optional AI-generated graphics or branded image overlays with your logo

Automatically cross-posts to Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn

Turns 5-star reviews into branded social posts automatically

98% of posts approved by users without any edits

Optional approval flow — or full auto-post with no login required

BrightLocal — Not Included

BrightLocal does not include GBP post creation or publishing

Rank tracking shows post performance data, but posts must be created separately

A separate GBP scheduling tool is needed for post management

No social media cross-posting automation

No content AI or post generation of any kind

Reputation Management

Review Requests, Replies & Growth
Paige's Smart Review Request Link — how it works

When a customer clicks Paige's unique review link, Paige's AI generates a pre-written, keyword-optimized review they can copy and paste into Google with one tap — making it frictionless for customers to leave detailed, keyword-rich reviews. The link can be personalized with ?rep=Name and ?service=ServiceName. Unhappy customers are routed to a private feedback form. QR codes are auto-generated. The whole flow integrates with Zapier and 6,000+ apps for fully automated sending.

Paige — End-to-End Review Automation

Review request link with pre-written SEO keyword suggestions for customers

Personalized per staff member and per service via URL parameters

Automated sending via Zapier + 6,000+ CRM, POS, and booking integrations

Follows up automatically with customers who haven't reviewed yet

AI replies to every new review with keyword-optimized responses

Catches up on old unanswered reviews — drips 5/day to look natural

Auto-flags 3-star-and-below reviews to Google for removal

QR code generation for in-store or print use

BrightLocal — Monitoring & Basic Requesting

Monitors reviews across 80+ platforms — a genuine strength

Review generation tool available on Grow plan ($59/mo)

Email and SMS review request templates — you manage the sending

No automated review reply capability — every response is written manually

No auto-flagging of negative reviews to Google

No follow-up automation for customers who haven't reviewed

Citation Management

How Each Tool Handles Your Directory Listings
BrightLocal's citation workflow vs. Paige's 1-click approach

BrightLocal's citation audit is excellent at identifying which directories are missing or have inconsistent data — a genuinely useful diagnostic. But building and maintaining those citations is a separate pay-as-you-go service at $2+ per citation, with manual data entry and ongoing oversight required. Paige's citation add-on ($40/month, or $20/month for Agency Partners) does all of this automatically and stays in sync with your GBP forever.

Paige — Fully Automated

Scans 62 major directories automatically at setup

Creates missing listings; corrects inconsistent NAP data — one click

Auto-syncs all directories whenever your GBP changes (hours, address, phone)

Includes AI-platform data sources: ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity indexes

$40/month add-on; $20/month for Agency Partners

Duplicate detection and removal included

BrightLocal — Audit-First Approach

Strong citation audit tool — identifies missing and inconsistent listings

Pay-as-you-go citation building at $2+ per citation

Manual data entry required to build or correct each listing

No automatic sync when your GBP changes — periodic re-audits needed

Good for one-time citation cleanup projects

Citation management requires ongoing manual effort at scale

Where BrightLocal Stands Out

Rank Tracking & Client Reporting Depth

Paige — Automated Heatmaps

Before/after heatmaps auto-updated every 30 days

Tracks up to 10 keywords per GBP with baseline comparison

Automated monthly ranking reports emailed to you or clients

'Why Not #1?' AI audit pinpoints specific ranking gaps with action items

BrightLocal — Genuine Reporting Strength

Comprehensive local rank tracking across multiple search engines and locations

Polished, professional white-label client dashboards and PDF reports

Strong GBP audit tool with detailed, actionable recommendations

Review monitoring across 80+ platforms consolidated in one dashboard

For agencies whose core deliverable IS detailed reporting, this depth is real

Full Analysis

Paige vs BrightLocal: A Complete Written Overview

When researching local SEO software, both Paige and BrightLocal appear regularly in agency tool stacks. They share the same ultimate goal — improving local search visibility for businesses — but approach it from fundamentally different angles: one shows you the work that needs doing, the other does it for you.

What is BrightLocal?

BrightLocal is a well-regarded local SEO reporting and tracking platform founded in 2008 and used by thousands of agencies worldwide. Its strengths are in showing you what's happening: detailed rank tracking across Google Maps and organic search, citation audit tools that identify missing or inconsistent directory listings, reputation monitoring across 80+ platforms, and polished white-label PDF reports for client presentations. BrightLocal's Track/Manage/Grow plans range from $39 to $59 per location per month, with citation building as a separate pay-as-you-go service at $2+ per citation. It is genuinely excellent at the audit-and-report layer of local SEO management.

What is Paige?

Paige, built by Merchynt, is a fully automated AI SEO agent. After a guided ~10-minute onboarding wizard, Paige begins working continuously without requiring your ongoing input. It reads your website and GBP, selects keywords, optimizes your profile description and services, writes and publishes posts on an AI-determined schedule, replies to every review with keyword-optimized AI responses, uploads geotagged images, builds citations across 62 directories, cross-posts to Facebook/Instagram/LinkedIn, creates and publishes YouTube videos, generates website FAQ and schema code, and tracks your rankings with monthly automated reports. Over 80% of Paige users enable full autopilot. 98% of Paige's AI-generated content is approved without edits.

The 'Inspector vs. Contractor' Distinction

The clearest way to understand the difference: BrightLocal is like a thorough property inspector — it tells you exactly what needs fixing and where. Paige is like a skilled contractor who shows up every day and does the repairs automatically. Both have value, but they serve different needs. If your agency's core deliverable is detailed reporting and your team executes the SEO strategy, BrightLocal is well-suited. If you want to eliminate execution overhead and scale without adding fulfillment staff, Paige is the right model.

When BrightLocal May Be the Better Choice

BrightLocal is worth serious consideration if your agency's primary deliverable to clients is detailed, branded reporting — comprehensive rank tracking dashboards, citation audit reports, and multi-platform review summaries. If you have a skilled team executing the SEO strategy and simply need excellent tools to track and present results, BrightLocal's reporting depth is a genuine advantage. Its white-label client dashboards are polished and professional.

When Paige Is the Clear Fit

  • You're a local business owner without time for weekly SEO tasks
  • You want a tool that executes the work — not just reports on what needs doing
  • You want citations, posts, review replies, and video created and published automatically
  • You need review management (requesting, replying, flagging) that runs without your involvemen
  • You want visibility on Google Maps, AI Mode, ChatGPT, Gemini, and Perplexity
  • You want to white-label a complete AI SEO platform under your own brand name
  • You want a true set-and-forget solution after a 10-minute setup

Pricing Summary

BrightLocal's Track plan starts at $39/month per location, the Manage plan at $49/month, and the Grow plan (which includes review generation tools) at $59/month. Citation building is priced separately at $2+ per citation as a pay-as-you-go service. Paige is $99/month per Google Business Profile, covering the full automation suite. Citations are available as an add-on for $40/month ($20/month for Agency Partners). Always verify current pricing directly with each provider.

Full Analysis

Which Tool Fits Your Situation?

An honest breakdown — including the scenarios where BrightLocal may genuinely be the stronger fi

Local business owner who wants SEO on autopilot

You don't have time to review audit reports, act on recommendations, and manage your GBP week to week. You want a tool that does the SEO work for you — not just shows you what to do.

→ Paige is the better fit

Agency that sells detailed reporting as a core deliverable

Your clients pay for comprehensive monthly rank tracking reports, citation audits, and branded dashboards. You have a skilled team executing the strategy. You need excellent data and reporting tools.

BrightLocal is worth evaluating

Agency that wants to automate fulfillment and scale

You want to grow your client roster without growing your fulfillment team. Automated GBP management, review responses, and citation building under your white-label brand is the goal.

Paige is the better fit

Agency targeting AI search visibility

Your clients want to appear in ChatGPT, Google AI Mode, Gemini, and Perplexity — not just Google Maps. You need a platform built specifically for AI search visibility.

Paige is the better fit

Common Questions

Paige vs BrightLocal: FAQ

How does Paige's approach to GBP management fundamentally differ from BrightLocal's?

The core difference is execution vs. reporting. BrightLocal is a reporting and audit platform — it shows you what's happening with your local SEO and flags what needs attention. Paige is an execution engine — it autonomously creates and publishes GBP posts, replies to reviews, builds citations, and produces videos without your team's ongoing involvement. BrightLocal tells you what to do; Paige does it.

How do Paige and BrightLocal differ in their approach to GBP post creation and publishing?

BrightLocal does not include GBP post creation or publishing — content creation is entirely your team's responsibility, and a separate scheduling tool is needed. Paige writes and publishes every GBP post autonomously using your business data, keywords, and service area. With the 'Trust Paige' mode, every setting follows best practices automatically so no SEO knowledge is required.

How do the review management capabilities of Paige and BrightLocal compare?

BrightLocal monitors reviews across 80+ platforms and provides review generation tools on its Grow plan — but reply writing is entirely manual and there is no automated follow-up. Paige runs automated multi-step review request campaigns: it sends the initial request from your own email inbox (for better deliverability), waits, detects whether the customer left a review using AI, and follows up automatically with those who didn't. Paige also replies to every review automatically with keyword-optimized AI responses.

How does Paige's citation management compare to BrightLocal's citation service?

BrightLocal's citation audit tool identifies citation gaps, and its manual building service fills them at $2+/citation — a project model where you commission work and pay per listing. Paige's $40/month citation add-on ($20 for Agency Partners) automatically builds 62 directories at setup and permanently auto-syncs every directory whenever your GBP changes. No per-citation cost, no manual work, no update lag.

How do Paige and BrightLocal compare for rank tracking?

BrightLocal's rank tracking is comprehensive — a core strength covering multi-location, multi-keyword, and white-label reporting. Paige includes automated before/after geo-grid heatmaps updated every 30 days, plus LLM rank tracking across ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity, Grok, and Llama — visibility that BrightLocal's traditional rank tracking doesn't cover. For agencies whose primary deliverable is granular rank reporting, BrightLocal's depth is a real advantage; for agencies that also need AI platform visibility, Paige's built-in LLM tracking is unique.

What does Paige do for website SEO that BrightLocal doesn't?

Paige includes website SEO features BrightLocal doesn't offer: it generates extremely optimized schema markup code for you to paste into your website's header, generates AI-powered suggestions for your homepage title, H1, and meta description, and provides interactive FAQ widgets you embed on your site that improve both traditional and AI search visibility. BrightLocal's value is in external GBP and citation tracking — website SEO is outside its scope.

How does the white-label experience differ between Paige and BrightLocal for agencies?

BrightLocal's white-label applies to reports and client dashboards — your logo on their PDF report outputs and their client portal. Paige's white-label covers the entire client-facing GBP management platform: your custom domain, your logo, your brand colors, your agency name in all client emails, and the ability to rename 'Paige' completely. Clients log into your domain and see only your brand — for posts, reviews, rankings, citations, and video all in one place.

How do Paige and BrightLocal compare on AI search visibility features?

BrightLocal is focused on traditional local search and does not offer AI search optimization. Paige actively builds visibility on ChatGPT, Gemini, Perplexity, Grok, and Llama through citations on AI-platform data sources, YouTube video creation (the 2nd most cited source in Google AI Mode), website FAQ widgets optimized for AI indexing, and schema markup. Paige also tracks your business's actual rankings in each of those AI platforms.

How do Paige and BrightLocal compare in total cost for an agency managing 20 client locations?

BrightLocal at $49/location/month = $980/month for listing management + monitoring, plus $2+/citation for any citation building, plus team time writing every post and review reply. Paige at $99/location = $1,980/month covers all execution: posts written, reviews replied to, videos created, social cross-posted, and citations available for $20/location/month with Agency Partner pricing. The BrightLocal-only stack requires additional tools and team hours that typically exceed Paige's total cost before accounting for staff time.

Ready to Let Paige Handle Your Local SEO?

Set up in ~10 minutes. Paige handles GBP optimization, posts, review replies, citations, social media, YouTube, website SEO, and AI search visibility — automatically, every day.

Start Paige Trial — $1 for 3 Days →

$99/month after trial · No SEO knowledge needed · Cancel anytime

4.9★ across 900+ reviews

80%+ of users run full autopilot

10,000+ businesses managed

⚠️ Important Disclosures & Legal Notice

Who created this page: This comparison page was produced by Merchynt, the company that makes Paige. It reflects our commercial perspective and should not be treated as an independent or unbiased review. We are a direct competitor of BrightLocal and have a commercial interest in readers choosing Paige over alternative products.

Accuracy of BrightLocal information: All information about BrightLocal is based on publicly available sources believed to be accurate at the time of writing. BrightLocal's features, pricing, plans, and capabilities may have changed since this page was created. We strongly encourage all readers to independently verify all information directly with BrightLocal at brightlocal.com before making any purchasing decision.

Fairness statement: BrightLocal is a legitimate product used by many professionals. It offers genuine value in certain contexts. Nothing on this page is intended to defame, disparage, or make false factual claims. All comparisons are based on factual, publicly verifiable information about each product's feature set. Comparative advertising of this nature is protected under nominative fair use.

Corrections: If you believe any information on this page is inaccurate, outdated, or unfair, please contact us at hello@merchynt.com and we will review and update the content promptly.

Product names and trademarks belong to their respective owners. "BrightLocal" is referenced here under nominative fair use for comparative informational purposes only.